The Emergency Arbitration rules which were introduced in Singapore and Hong Kong, then by the ICC, in the waive of the Uncitral Model Law revision, which provides for enforcement of emergency arbitration awards is nevertheless a source of doubts.
First as to the nature of emergency awards, i.e. whether they are real arbitration awards and then as to the possibility of enforcing emergency awards. The first objections to the nature of emergency arbitration were raised many years ago in Italian literature.
